Posts Tagged ‘Florida’

Can Director of Condo Association be Held Personally Liable?

September 1st, 2010

By Mark Schecter | No Comments »

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Florida courts have allowed personal liability in only a few instances – usually in cases where a director has gained monetary or other benefits at the expense of the condo association.

The law that sets the standard for how directors of condo associations should perform is Florida Statute §617.0834.

According to this law, a director cannot be held personally liable for his actions unless one of three things happen:

1. He commits an act that violates a criminal law statute with reasonable knowledge that his actions are unlawful;

2. He acts in a way that is considered reckless, in bad faith or with malicious intent and disregard for safety, property and rights; and/or

3. The director engages in a transaction that is self-beneficial.

For the most part, the courts have made it clear that absent one of the elements mentioned above, condo directors are immune from personal liability.

One example of how the courts are applying the law can be seen in Munder v. Circle One Condominium, Inc. 596 So.2d 144 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992). The Munder case stems from a condo director’s failure to renew a fire insurance policy for the association’s clubhouse. He was sued for breach of fiduciary duty for this failure to act. The court decided that while the director may have been negligent, he cannot be held personally liable for damages caused by his errors.

Another example is Taylor v. Wellington Station Condominium Association, Inc., 633 So.2d 43 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). In this case, the court stated that personal liability cannot be triggered unless fraud, self-dealing or unjust enrichment is involved.

In a nutshell, it is difficult to hold an association director liable for his actions absent bad faith or malicious intent.

If you are involved in a dispute with your condo association due to acts of bad faith, we want to hear from you. You can use this form to contact us or call (954) 779-7009.

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Are your Claims Barred in Florida?

August 20th, 2010

By Mark Schecter | No Comments »

claims barred in floridaEvery business owner wants to get paid for services performed. Whether you are working with the public or involved in business-to-business relationships, you may have to take legal action for unpaid invoices and broken agreements.

In most instances, you can sue and recover your losses when you lose money at the hands of another person or business.

But here’s the deal… you must file the lawsuit in the time the law allows – the statute of limitations (SOL).

If you fail to commence your action before the SOL period expires, you can be barred from seeking legal remedies permanently. This includes the recovery of monetary and other damages.

The statute of limitations period varies, depending on the type of case you have, where the injury occurred and other factors. It’s in your best interest to know the amount of time you have to file a lawsuit to recover your losses.

Written and verbal contracts

Many civil actions stem from breach of contract issues involving business-to-business transactions. When a written contract is at issue, the SOL period is 5 years. If there is a verbal contract, the time limit is only 4 years.

Slander, defamation and libel

If you are trying to build a business, the last thing you need is for someone to slander you and your company. When your reputation has been damaged due to slander, libel or defamation, you have 2 years from the date of injury to file a suit in Florida against the slanderer.

Fraud

The statute of limitations for a lawsuit arising from fraudulent actions is 4 years.

There are many other factors that affect the SOL period. Contact Florida business attorney sooner rather than later to discuss which SOL period applies to your business matter.

Statute of Limitations in Florida Breach of Contract Cases

July 19th, 2010

By Mark Schecter | No Comments »

Florida statute of limitationsIf you have incurred losses due to a broken contract, you can recover monetary or other damages you sustained. However, there is a legal time limit that is placed on your pursuit of recovery. It’s known as the statute of limitations.

If you fail to file a civil action within the time allowed, you may be permanently barred from seeking legal remedies.

The length of the statute of limitations varies from state to state. It can also be extended when all parties reach a mutual agreement to toll the time period.

In Florida, the statute of limitations can range from 2 to 5 years, depending on the type of civil action you wish to pursue. In breach of contract cases, the time period is 5 years when a written contract is involved. See 95.11(2)(b), Florida Statutes.

In Beck vs. Lazard Freres & Co, LLC, the Florida court barred an action that was filed 8 years after a contract breach occurred.

The action was initiated by Beck, a trustee for Southeast Banking Corporation, against Lazard Freres & Co., an investment firm. Lazard was accused of writing a letter endorsing another banking institution, First Federal Savings and Loan, which later proved to be detrimental to Southeast.

Beck alleged that Lazard breached its contract with Southeast, failed to honor its duty of good faith, and failed to perform services with reasonable care.

Lazard wrote the letter in September of 1988. The purchase was approved by Southeast in December of 1988. However, the suit for breach of contract was filed 8 years later, in December of 1996.

Because Beck wasn’t aware of the breach for years, he believed that the SOL did not begin to run until the breach was brought to his attention, and not when the actual letter was written and delivered.

The Florida court disagreed, and held that:

“Actions for breach of contract are barred five years after the cause of action accrued regardless of whether the plaintiff knew that it had a claim.”

Beck’s lawsuit was dismissed and his claim for breach of contract was barred by Florida’s five year statute of limitations.

If you have been injured due to a breached contract or broken agreement, contact our contract law attorneys before it’s too late. You can use this form to email or call us at (954) 779-7009.

Recover Damages in Florida Breach of Contract Cases

July 5th, 2010

By Mark Schecter | 2 Comments »

A contract breach can be minor or major; the latter is known as material. If you have been injured by a material breach, you may be able to recover the damages you sustained. You can also be discharged from performing any duties outlined in the contract.

Here are four types of damages you can recover in Florida breach of contract cases - monetary, liquidated, specific performance, and attorney fees.

Monetary Damages

If you have lost money because another party failed to perform work or provide products as promised, your losses are considered monetary damages. The amount of your damages can be decided by comparing where you are after the breach to where you would have been if the breach did not occur.

For example, you hired a builder to add a room to your home, but he only completed 50 percent of the job; leaving you searching for another builder to complete the remaining 50 percent of the project. The money you will spend for the second builder to complete the project are your monetary damages.

Liquidated Damages

Liquidated damages are used to compensate you when there is no clear way to calculate your damages. You and the breaching party can agree on a specific amount for the damages to resolve the case.

Specific Performance

The courts can order specific performance when monetary damages will not fully compensate the injured party. This is particularly helpful in cases involving artistic expressions.

Attorney Fees

Litigating a breach of contract case can get costly. You have to pay the attorney for his or her time and cover the court fees, among other things. If the contract in question authorizes attorney fees when a breach is involved, you can recover those fees and save yourself some money.

Have you been injured by a contract breach? What type of damages did you sustain? Contact our office to discuss damages and other remedies you are entitled to. You can use this form to email us or give us a call at (954) 779-7009.

Florida Breach of Contract Elements

July 5th, 2010

By Mark Schecter | 1 Comment »

We have discussed the importance of doing business in Florida with a valid contract. But that is just one piece of the puzzle. The other is the conclusion of the contract. Are the obligations fulfilled by all parties?

Despite having a contract in place, there may be times when a party fails to provide services or products as promised and breaches the agreement. This can cause substantial damages for you and other parties that are injured by said party’s actions.

Also, a breach by one party terminates the valid contract, which in turn releases the injured party (you) from contractual obligations.

Standard of Review for Breach of Contract Cases

The Florida courts have established a clear standard of review for breach of contract cases. Three elements must be satisfied to prove that a breach occurred and that you are entitled to damages.

1) Valid Contract
First, you must prove that a valid contract exists. A written contract signed by all parties will likely satisfy this requirement. But, if you are relying on a verbal contract, this element can be difficult to prove.

2) Material Breach
Next, you have to show the court that the breach was major (material) and not minor. In Sulkin, the court held “…failure to perform some minor part of his contractual duty cannot be classified as a material or vital breach.” Sulkin v. All Florida Pain Management, Inc., 932 So.2d 485, 486, (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)

3) Damages
Last, in order to recover damages you must prove that you sustained them as a result of the breach.

Other Florida case law that deals with the elements of a breach of contract case:

  • Abruzzo v. Haller, 603 So.2d 1338, 1340 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992).
  • J.J. Gumberg Co. v. Janis Services, Inc., 847 So.2d 1048, 1049 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
  • A.R. Holland, Inc. v. Wendco Corp., 884 So. 2d 1006, 1008 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004)

If your company has been injured by another party’s breach of a valid contract, you should contact our Florida contract lawyers to discuss recovering the damages you have incurred. You can use this form to email us or give us a call at (954) 779-7009.

An Overview of Florida Breach of Contract Law

May 19th, 2010

By Mark Schecter | 1 Comment »

breach-of-contractBreach of contract issues are something that many Florida businesses will face as contracts are a key component to doing business anywhere in the United States.

Like most other states, Florida has laws that govern all types of contracts into which two or more people or companies enter.  To understand the breach of contract defenses that are available to your Florida business, it’s important to first understand what a valid contract is and what it is not.

What is a Contract?

For a contract to be valid in the Sunshine state, three elements must be present: an offer, acceptance and consideration.

Simply put, an offer is a written or spoken statement that commits to a course of action upon acceptance; acceptance is agreement with the offer and consideration is the value (usually money) that is given as a result of the offer and acceptance.

Breach of Contract

When a breach of contract occurs in Florida, several defenses are automatically considered that may render the original contract unenforceable or even allow other legal options for your business.  These six defenses are as follows:

1.   Duress, Fraud or Mistake – if someone is forced into signing a contract or if an element of the contract is intentionally fraudulent or if both parties make a major mistake in the construction of the contract, then the contract can be voided by the party who was forced or duped. If one party makes a mistake, then the contract will not necessarily be voidable; however, if a mutual mistake is made, the contract is rendered unenforceable.

2.   Legality – even if the three elements discussed earlier are present in a contract, it will not be legally valid or enforceable if the subject matter the contract governs is illegal. For example, a contract regarding money paid to a person to kill another person is a void contract.

3.    Mental Capacity of Signers – the parties who enter the contract must have the mental capacity to do so.  In Florida, a person cannot enter into a legal contract if they are intoxicated, mentally ill or underage.

4.    Agency – if the person signing the contract on behalf of an agency or company did not have the authority to do so, then the contract is unenforceable. (Agency can be a complex issue to determine.)

5.    Florida Statute of Fraud Rule – this rule provides that certain types of contracts need to be in writing.

6.    Florida Patrol Evidence Rule – this rule can effect some contracts and how they are enforced.

If your Florida business has suffered damage due to a breached contract, contact our firm to see how we can help. You can use this form to email or call us at (954) 779-7009.

Will Florida Unemployment Tax Increase affect Small Business?

January 21st, 2010

By Mark Schecter | 1 Comment »

man-job-adsFlorida businesses in all industries have sustained a few significant blows in this economy. The commercial and resident housing markets have been hard hit by lending freezes and plummeting property values, while large and small companies have been forced to layoff and halt hiring.

Today, Florida’s unemployment rate sits at 11.5%, and that’s after reaching a 34 year high of 11.2% in October 2009.

As Florida businesses fight to remain viable they are expecting another substantial blow as the unemployment tax rate has increased, and may result in additional job cuts.

Why is the Unemployment Tax Rate Increasing?

Many Florida businesses are baffled by the recent rate increase and are left wondering why a state, riddled by a high unemployment rate, would impose a substantial tax hike that will likely result in more job losses.

The rate increase can be attributed to recent depletion of Florida’s Unemployment Trust Fund. The fund is set to increase automatically when the state’s unemployment rate reaches a certain level. And, when the rate exceeded 11% in October, the tax increase was triggered in hopes of replenishing the trust fund.

What will the Tax Increase Cost Florida Businesses?

The rate increase, which went into effect on January 1, may be felt by some business owners as early as April 2010, when a portion of their taxes will be due. Under the new tax rate, employers can expect to be taxed on the first $8500 of their employees’ earnings, an increase from $7000 last year.

According to David Daniel of the Florida Chamber of Commerce, the rate change will cost employers an additional $1.2 billion in 2010.

Various factors play a role in determining the exact percentage a business will be taxed, including the amount of unemployment claims filed against the employer by former employees, as well as the number of years the company has been in business.

Opponents of the tax increase are asking elected officials to freeze the tax hike for now, and reconsider it at a time when the economy makes it more feasible for business owners.

“The Florida Chamber is asking the Legislature to set the taxable wage back to $7,000 and to suspend the trigger to increase the unemployment tax rate — and is asking it to act quickly.”

To date, Florida Department of Revenue is moving forward with the tax increase, and can expect to collect substantially more tax revenue from businesses in 2010.

Are you a Florida business owner concerned about how the tax increase will affect your business? Do you plan to adjust your business for the increase?

Florida Ranks in the Top 10 for Entrepreneurs

December 1st, 2009

By Mark Schecter | No Comments »

The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council is known for its annual index that ranks the states across the United States on laws and policies that affect small business and entrepreneurs.

The 14th Annual Small Business Survival Index was recently released and revealed some great news for new, old and aspiring small business owners and entrepreneurs in Florida.

When compared to the other 50 states and D.C., Florida ranks 6th most friendly to entrepreneurs. Other states in the top 10 include South Dakota, Nevada, and Texas. The states that are ranked least friendly to entrepreneurs and small business include New York, New Jersey, California and D.C.

What does the Small Business Survival Index take into consideration?

The council considers a broad range of public policies that affect the way entrepreneurs do business, including property rights, health care costs, government spending, and all types of taxes – property, personal and corporate income, health insurance and unemployment taxes. The states are ranked according to how they measure up when compared to other US states on these public policy issues.

If you’re a small business, budding or seasoned entrepreneur in the Florida you may want to review our other posts:

Other resources you may be interested in: